REPORT TEXT

A.            Pengertian Report Text

“A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or announce something. The information given in a report text is very general information.” Report text adalah jenis teks yang mengumumkan hasil penyelidikan atau mengumumkan sesuatu . Informasi yang diberikan dalam teks laporan adalah informasi yang sangat umum.

Jika Anda membandingkannya dengan seksama, perbedaan descriptive text  dan Report text yakni, Descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu secara general atau umum sedangkan descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu yang spesifik atau khusus. Report text juga biasanya bersifat ilmiah.

B.            Tujuan Report Text

Tujuannya untuk menggambarkan tentang sesuatu secara apa adanya yang merupakan hasil observasi atau penelitian dan analisa secara sistematis. Intinya text Report berisi fakta-fakta sebuah objek yang bisa dibuktikan secara ilmiah.

C.            Ciri-ciri Report Text

1.             Karena bertujuan mengungkap gambaran tentang sesuatu berdasarkan kajian ilmiah, maka biasanya menggunakan bahasa ilmiah.

2.             Dan karena berisi fakta-fakta ilmiah tersebutlah, maka report text didominasi oleh simple present tense.

3.             Judulnya akan terlihat umum, seperti Playing Football dan bukan Manchester Football Club.

4.             Biasanya disertai gambar, data statistik berupa diagram atau peta untuk meyakinkan bahwa hasil penelitiannya dilakukan secara ilmiah.

D.            Generic Structure Report Text

Susunan umum atau Generic Structure pada umumnya terdiri dari urut-urutan sebagai berikut:

1.    General Clasification

Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya. 

2.    Description
Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors. Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi, baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.

E.            Pola Tata Bahasa dalam Report Text

Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki ciri bahasa tersendiri; jika recount text dan narrative text cenderung memiliki ciri menggunakan simple past, lalu bagaimana dengan report text? Oke berikut adalah pola grammar yang umum digunakan dalam teks report, yang meliputi :

1.             Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;

2.             Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;

3.             Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;

4.             Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;

5.             Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

6.             Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

Keterangan :

1.             General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. 

2.             Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste dan lain sebagainya. 

3.             Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam simple present seperti "often, usually, always" dan lain-lain. 

4.             Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks report tersebut. Misalnya tentang "music" maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada.

F.             Contoh Report Text

Example 1:

Komodo Dragon

Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia’s Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of years, although amazingly, their existence was unknown to humans until about 100 years ago.

Reaching 10 feet (3 meters) in length and more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Komodo dragons are the heaviest lizards on Earth. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin, bowed legs, and huge, muscular tails.

As the dominant predators on the handful of islands they inhabit, they will eat almost anything, including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo and humans. When hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey. When a victim ambles by, the dragon springs, using its powerful legs, sharp claws and serrated, shark-like teeth to eviscerate its prey.

Animals that escape the jaws of a Komodo will only feel lucky briefly. Dragon saliva teems with over 50 strains of bacteria, and within 24 hours, the stricken creature usually dies of blood poisoning. Dragons calmly follow an escapee for miles as the bacteria takes effect, using their keen sense of smell to hone in on the corpse. A dragon can eat a whopping 80 percent of its body weight in a single feeding.

There is a stable population of about 3,000 to 5,000 Komodo dragons on the islands of Komodo, Gila Motang, Rinca, and Flores. However, a dearth of egg-laying females, poaching, human encroachment, and natural disasters has driven the species to endangered status.

Sumber: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/

Penjelasan:

1.             Paragraf pertama: General Classification.

Berisi pengenalan objek bahwa Komodo adalah binatang yang telah ada sejak berjuta-juta tahun yang lalu.

2.             Pada paragraf kedua dan seterusnya: Description.

Berisi tentang bentuk fisik Komodo meliputi panjang, berat, maupun ciri fisiknya dan kebiasaannya mencari makan serta statistik populasi habitat Komodo di berbagai daerah.

Example 2:

Mobile Phone

(General Clasification)

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.

(Description)

The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.

As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.

Exercise:

Text 1:

For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there is a proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.

Although a dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But, this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.

Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.

1. The text above is in the form of………….
a. spoof
b. report
c. recount
d. procedure

2. To tell the factual information, the writer mostly uses…………
a. passive voice
b. simple past tense
c. present perfect tense
d. simple present tense

3. What kind of animal is dolphin?
a. insect
b. fish
c. mammal
d. bird

4. Why talking to dolphin is not easy?
a. dolphins cannot hear the kind of man’s sounds
b. dolphins cannot think as human
c. dolphins like playing with man
d. dolphins feel annoyed by man

5. What is the characteristic of dolphin according to the text?
a. fierce
b. friendly
c. naughty
d. shy

Text 2:

Whales are sea-living mammals. They therefore breathe air but cannot survive or land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meter length, is the largest animal which lives on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important difference in its external structure; its tail consists of a pair of broad, flat horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its breadth, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of flat (blubber). This is up to 30 meter in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids.

6. What is the text about?
a. sea-living mammals
b. the description of mammals
c. the difference between whales and fish
d. whales

7. The length of a whale is……..
a. is generally more than 30 meter
b. may be more than 30 meter
c. is less than 30 meter
d. ranges from 30 meter to more than 30 meter

8. Sentence 1………….
a. tells an orientation
b. poses a thesis
c. shows an abstract
d. gives a general classification

9. What type of text is used by the writer?
a. narrative
b. report
c. recount
d. news items

10. To tell the factual information, the writer uses…….
a. passive voice
b. direct speech
c. reported speech
d. simple present tense

Kunci Jawaban

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. D

 Report text

NARATIVE TEXT

A.            Pengertian

Narrative text adalah teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang.

Jika melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna:

1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan.

2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog.

3. Praktik atau seni bercerita.

Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.

B.            Tujuan

Narrative text bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita.

C.            Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text

1)      Memakai Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Ran, Asked, Walked, dan sebagainya.

2)      Memakai Nouns sebagai kata ganti untuk orang, binatang dan benda dalam sebuah cerita. Misalnya : The Princess, The King, dan sebagainya.

3)      Memakai Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : short brown hair, two monkeys, dan sebagainya..

4)      Memakai Time Connective dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan suatu kejadian. Misalnya : And then, afterwards, before, soon,  after, dan sebagainya.

5)      Memakai Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dan sebagainya.

D.            Generic Structure

1)      Orientation 

It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana) 

2)      Complication 

Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

3)      Resolution 

 Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending"

Kadang kala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi: 

Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.

E.            Contoh Narrative Text

Example 1:

Snow white

(Orientation)
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead. 

(Complication)
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

(Resolution)
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Example 2:

Three Fishes

(Orientation) 

Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left. 

(Complication)
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.'

But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'

(Resolution)
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.  

The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.

(Coda)
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.

Exercises:

Text 1

       Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, there was a small kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King, named Sang Prabu, was a wise man. He had an only daughter, called Princess Teja Nirmala, who was famous for her beauty but she was not married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter by a show of strength.

       After that, Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan had won the competition. Unfortunately, the wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan and used magic power to render him unconscious and he forgot his wedding. When Sang Prabu was searching, Raden Begawan saw him and soon realized that he had been enchanted by the wicked fairy. The fairy could not accept this, so she killed Raden Begawan. When Princess Teja Nirmala heard this, she was very sad. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan.

1.      Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?

a)    Sang Prabu was a father of his only daughter

b)    Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java

c)    Sang Prabu was  taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy

d)    Sang Prabu was a wise man

2.      Why the wicked fairy did used her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?

a)    She didn’t like Raden Begawan

b)   She didn’t want Raden Prabu marry the princess

c)    She wanted Teja Nirmala to forget about her wedding

d)   She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan marry the princess

3.      What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people in the earth at that time?

a)    Princess Segara will have married with Raden Begawan

b)   Sang Prabu will not hold strength competition

c)    Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan’s life

d)   Teja Nirmala will stay in the Kahyangan

4.      So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word her in the sentence refers to…

a)    The wicked fairy

b)   The nice fairy

c)    Princess Nirmala

d)   Prince Teja

5.      The similarity between fairy and human according to the text.

a)    The place they live

b)   The jealousy that they posses

c)    The way they don’t feel a love

d)   The strength they have

Text 2

       A long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo. The people of Bali used to say that Kbo Iwo was everything, a destroyer as well as a creator. He was satisfied with the meal, but this meant for the Balinese people enough food for a thousand men.

       Difficulties arose when for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new harvest was still a long way off. This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he destroyed all the houses and even all the temples. It made the Balinese turn to rage.

       So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant by using his stupidity. They asked Kbo Iwo to build them a very deep well, and rebuild all the houses and temples he had destroyed. After they fed Kbo Iwo, he began to dig a deep hole.

       One day he had eaten too much, he fell asleep in the hole. The oldest man in the village gave a sign, and the villagers began to throw the limestone they had collected before into the hole. The limestone made the water inside the hole boiling . Kbo Iwo was buried alive. Then the water in the well rose higher and higher until at last it overflowed and formed Lake Batur. The mound of earth dug from the well by Kbo Iwo is known as Mount Batur.

6.      Which the following fact is true about Kbo Iwo?

a)    Kebo Iwo ate a little amount of meat

b)   Kebo eat food was equal for food of thousand people

c)    Kebo Iwo is a destroyer that cannot make anything

d)   Kebo Iwo was angry because his food was stolen by Balinese people

7.      Why did Kbo Iwo feel angry to the Balinese people?

a)    Because Balinese people ate his meal

b)   Because Balinese people took his food so his barns was empty

c)    Because Balinese people didn’t give him food

d)   Because Balinese people were in hunger

8.      According to the story, if Kbo Iwa is never existed in Bali island, what do you think will happen?

a)    There will be no Bali island

b)   Bali People will never be angry

c)    All Bali people will live in a prosperous way

d)   We are not able see the beauty of Lake Batur

9.      So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant……(Paragraph 3) The antonym of the word “oppose “ is….

a)    Support

b)   Defeat

c)    Turn Against

d)   Beat

10.  What is mount batur?

a)    A lake build by Kbo Iwa

b)   A well dug by Kbo iwa

c)    The mountain build by Kbo Iwa

d)   A mound of earth dug from the well by Kbo iwa

Kunci Jawaban

1.      C

2.      D

3.      C

4.      C

5.      B

6.      B

7.      C

8.      D

9.      A

10.    D

 Narrative text

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

A.            Pengertian

Descriptive TextDescriptive Text adalah sebuah teks bahasa Inggris untuk mengggmbarkan seperti apa benda atau mahluk hidup yang kita deskripsikan, baik secara kenampakan, bau, suara, atau tekstur dari benda atau makhluk hidup tersebut.

Menurut Wikipedia, yang dimaksud dengan Descriptive text adalah: “satu kaedah upaya pengolahan data menjadi sesuatu yang dapat diutarakan secara jelas dan tepat dengan tujuan agar dapat dimengerti oleh orang yang tidak langsung mengalaminya sendiri”.

Jadi yang dimaksud dengan descriptive text adalah sebuah tulisan atau teks yang menggambarkan sifat-sifat yang melekat pada sesuatu, baik itu manusia, hewan, tumbuhan, ataupun benda mati seperti rumah, mobil dan lain sebagainya.

B.            Tujuan Descriptive Text

Tujuannya tidak lain adalah untuk menggambarkan segala sesuatu baik itu manusia, hewan, tumbuhan atau benda mati dengan sifat yang melekat padanya seperti ukuran, jenis, warna, dan sebagainya sehingga pembaca atau reader dapat mengetahui seperti apa sesuatu itu dari gambaran yang kita sampaikan meskipun ia belum pernah melihatnya.

C.            Ciri-ciri Dexcriptive Text

Ø   Menggunakan Simple Present Tense.

Kenapa menggunakan simple present tense? hal ini karena kita akan menggambarkan sebuah fakta atau kebenaran yang melekat pada sesuatu atau orang. Dan salah satu fungsi dari simple present adalah untuk menggambarkan sebuah fakta atau kebenaran (contoh fakta: matahari itu panas). Oleh karena itu kamu harus selalu menggunakan kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb-1). Misal kamu akan menggambarkan sifat-sifat mobil baru kamu: The color of my car is black, it can run up to 500 km/hour.

Ø   Karena fungsinya adalah untuk menggambarkan sesuatu dengan menjelaskan sifat

sifatnya, maka dalam descriptive text akan banyak dijumpai kata sifat (adjective), seperti handsome, beautiful, tall, small, big, atau jika kata sifat tersebut berasal dari kata kerja, maka kamu akan mendapati tambahan -ve, -ing, -nt di belakangnya,

Contoh:

Create (membuat) > creative (orang yang pintar membuat sesuatu).

Interest (menarik) > interesting (sesuatu yang menarik)

Ø   Dalam descriptive text kita juga akan sering menjumpai relating verb (kata kerja

penghubung) yaitu is (seperti pada ciri nomor 1). Is dalam bahasa Indonesia sering diartikan dengan “adalah”. Karena tujuan atau fungsi descriptive text adalah untuk menggambarkan, maka pasti kita akan sering menjumpai kata adalah (is). His name is Andy (namanya adalah Andy), his height is 160 cm (tingginya adalah 160 cm).

D.            Generic Structure Descriptive Text

a)             Identification (identifikasi) adalah pendahuluan , berupa gambaran umum tentang suatu topik.

Contoh: kamu diminta untuk menggambarkan mobil barumu, maka isi identification-nya adalah: Ayahku baru saja membelikan mobil baru. Mobil ini sebenarnya sudah lama aku idam-idamkan, tapi baru sekarang ayahku membelikannya. (Berarti yang akan digambarkan adalah mobilku, bukan mobil orang lain).

b)             Description (deskripsi) adalah berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat, atau orang yang dideskripsikan.

Misal (melanjutkan tentang mobil di atas): Mobil baruku ini merupakan mobil sport keluaran terbaru dari Toyota. Jumlah bangkunya hanya dua, satu untuk sopir dan satunya untuk penumpang, begitu juga dengan pintunya. Mobil ini bisa melesat hingga kecepatan 500 km/jam, hampir sama dengan kecepatan pesawat berjenis Foker.

E.            Contoh Descriptive Text

Example 1:

Borobudur Temple:

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

Penjelasan:

1)      Paragraf pertama: Identification, menggambarkan sepintas tentang Candi Borobudur yang akan dideskripsikan sehingga pembaca tidak akan salah paham tentang candi yang sedang dibicarakan. Bahwa candi yang dimaksud adalah candi yang bernama Borobudur, yang berlokasi di Magelang, Jawa Tengah.

2)      Paragraf kedua: Description, berisi tentang penjelasan atau deskripsi Candi Borobudur dengan memaparkan sifat-sifatnya seperti:

Ø  berada di bukit dengan ketinggian 46 meter dan terdiri dari 8 tingkat seperti teras.

Ø  5 tingkat pertama berbentuk kotak (square) dan dikelilingin tembok.

Ø  3 tingkat paling atas berbentuk bulat (circular).

Example 2:

My Beloved Mother:

(Identification)

Every people certainly have a mother. It is because people are born from her.  The existence of her among us is definitely important. That is why I love her so much. I owe great debt to what she has been doing to me until right now. And here is my mother.

(Description)

My mother's name is Khodijah. She was born 49 years ago. She is short, but not too short. She is little fat. And she is old. She has got short white straight hair. She has got brown skin. She is beautiful. Her hand is so soft, the hand that have taught me to be kind person.

She never stops to support me. She always tells me to not give up so easily. She always gives me some fine solutions when I have some problems. The importance of her is never denied. That is why I never reject her willing.

Example 3:

The Eiffel:

(Identification)

 The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World’s Fair.

(Description)

The tower stands 324 meters (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-story building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.

The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants. The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.

Exercise:

Text 1

Natural Bridge National Park

Natural Bridge National Park is luscious tropical rainforest.

It is located 110 kilometers from south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of Lamington National Park.

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave through which a waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow worms. Picnic areas offers toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.

1. What is the function of paragraph 1?
a. as an identification
b. as an orientation
c. as a thesis
d. as a classification

2. The text above is in form of………….
a. hortatory exposition
b. narrative
c. description
d. report

3.What is the communicative purpose of the text?
a. to present two points of views about natural bridge national park
b. to explain the bridge national park
c. to describe the bridge national park
d. to retell the bridge national park

4. Where is the natural bridge national park located?
a. 110 kilometers from South of Brisbane
b. 110 kilometers from Pacific Highway
c. 110 kilometers from Numinbah Valley
d. 110 kilometers from Lamington National Park

Text 2

On the banks of the Chao Phraya, Bangkok’s “River of Kings”, lies a hotel that has already set new standards of hospitality for this celebrated city.

Set in magnificently lanscaped tropical gardens, the Shangri-La Bangkok provides guests with all the charm and warmth of the orient and, at the same time, unsurpassed range of facilities and leisure activities.

There is a choice of 12 superb settings in which to wine and dine, a large free-form swimming pool that overlooks the river, conventoin and meeting facilities for up to 2000 people, and a 24-hour business centre.

And, from every single guest room and suite, there is a breathtaking view of all the exotic hustle and bustle of the fabled “River of Kings”.

One might expect such a well-equipped and positioned hotel to be miles away from the city center but, at Shangri-La Bangkok the busness district and main shopping areas are mere minutes away.

From more than 200 years, Bangkok’s granduer has been reflected in the waters of the Chao Phraya. Today, the Shangri-La Bangkok towers beside this majestic river, offers its guests the golden promise of the East.

7. The text mainly focuses on…………..
a. Bangkok’s granduer
b. Shangri-La Bangkok
c. Bangkok’s ”River Kings”
d. the water of the Chao Praya

8. The type of text above is a/an……………
a. report
b. recount
c. narrative
d. descriptive

9. For how many people the meeting facilities are up to?
a. 6000 people
b. 4000 people
c. 2000 people
d. 5000 people

10. The communicative purpose of this text is………………
a. to describe Chao Praya
b. to retell events for entertainment
c. to present at least two points of view about an issue
d. to tell the luxury of Shangri-La Bangkok

Kunci Jawaban:

1.    A
2.    C
3.    C
4.    A
5.    B
6.    A
7.    B
8.    D
9.    C
10.  C