NARATIVE TEXT

A.            Pengertian

Narrative text adalah teks narasi adalah cerita imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang.

Jika melihat pada kamus bahasa Inggris, secara harfiah narrative bermakna:

1. sebuah cerita baik terucap atau tertulis tentang peristiwa-peristiwa yang berhubungan.

2. bagian yang diceritakan dalam sebuah karya sastra, berbeda dengan dialog.

3. Praktik atau seni bercerita.

Jika disimpulkan, maka sebuah narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik tertulis ataupun tidak tertulis dan terdapat rangkaian peristiwa yang saling terhubung.

B.            Tujuan

Narrative text bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita.

C.            Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text

1)      Memakai Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Ran, Asked, Walked, dan sebagainya.

2)      Memakai Nouns sebagai kata ganti untuk orang, binatang dan benda dalam sebuah cerita. Misalnya : The Princess, The King, dan sebagainya.

3)      Memakai Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : short brown hair, two monkeys, dan sebagainya..

4)      Memakai Time Connective dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan suatu kejadian. Misalnya : And then, afterwards, before, soon,  after, dan sebagainya.

5)      Memakai Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dan sebagainya.

D.            Generic Structure

1)      Orientation 

It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana) 

2)      Complication 

Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

3)      Resolution 

 Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending"

Kadang kala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi: 

Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.

E.            Contoh Narrative Text

Example 1:

Snow white

(Orientation)
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead. 

(Complication)
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

(Resolution)
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Example 2:

Three Fishes

(Orientation) 

Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left. 

(Complication)
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.'

But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'

(Resolution)
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.  

The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.

(Coda)
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.

Exercises:

Text 1

       Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, there was a small kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King, named Sang Prabu, was a wise man. He had an only daughter, called Princess Teja Nirmala, who was famous for her beauty but she was not married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter by a show of strength.

       After that, Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan had won the competition. Unfortunately, the wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan and used magic power to render him unconscious and he forgot his wedding. When Sang Prabu was searching, Raden Begawan saw him and soon realized that he had been enchanted by the wicked fairy. The fairy could not accept this, so she killed Raden Begawan. When Princess Teja Nirmala heard this, she was very sad. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan.

1.      Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?

a)    Sang Prabu was a father of his only daughter

b)    Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java

c)    Sang Prabu was  taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy

d)    Sang Prabu was a wise man

2.      Why the wicked fairy did used her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?

a)    She didn’t like Raden Begawan

b)   She didn’t want Raden Prabu marry the princess

c)    She wanted Teja Nirmala to forget about her wedding

d)   She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan marry the princess

3.      What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people in the earth at that time?

a)    Princess Segara will have married with Raden Begawan

b)   Sang Prabu will not hold strength competition

c)    Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan’s life

d)   Teja Nirmala will stay in the Kahyangan

4.      So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word her in the sentence refers to…

a)    The wicked fairy

b)   The nice fairy

c)    Princess Nirmala

d)   Prince Teja

5.      The similarity between fairy and human according to the text.

a)    The place they live

b)   The jealousy that they posses

c)    The way they don’t feel a love

d)   The strength they have

Text 2

       A long time ago, there lived on the island of Bali a giant-like creature named Kbo Iwo. The people of Bali used to say that Kbo Iwo was everything, a destroyer as well as a creator. He was satisfied with the meal, but this meant for the Balinese people enough food for a thousand men.

       Difficulties arose when for the first time the barns were almost empty and the new harvest was still a long way off. This made Kbo Iwo wild with great anger. In his hunger, he destroyed all the houses and even all the temples. It made the Balinese turn to rage.

       So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant by using his stupidity. They asked Kbo Iwo to build them a very deep well, and rebuild all the houses and temples he had destroyed. After they fed Kbo Iwo, he began to dig a deep hole.

       One day he had eaten too much, he fell asleep in the hole. The oldest man in the village gave a sign, and the villagers began to throw the limestone they had collected before into the hole. The limestone made the water inside the hole boiling . Kbo Iwo was buried alive. Then the water in the well rose higher and higher until at last it overflowed and formed Lake Batur. The mound of earth dug from the well by Kbo Iwo is known as Mount Batur.

6.      Which the following fact is true about Kbo Iwo?

a)    Kebo Iwo ate a little amount of meat

b)   Kebo eat food was equal for food of thousand people

c)    Kebo Iwo is a destroyer that cannot make anything

d)   Kebo Iwo was angry because his food was stolen by Balinese people

7.      Why did Kbo Iwo feel angry to the Balinese people?

a)    Because Balinese people ate his meal

b)   Because Balinese people took his food so his barns was empty

c)    Because Balinese people didn’t give him food

d)   Because Balinese people were in hunger

8.      According to the story, if Kbo Iwa is never existed in Bali island, what do you think will happen?

a)    There will be no Bali island

b)   Bali People will never be angry

c)    All Bali people will live in a prosperous way

d)   We are not able see the beauty of Lake Batur

9.      So, they came together to plan steps to oppose this powerful giant……(Paragraph 3) The antonym of the word “oppose “ is….

a)    Support

b)   Defeat

c)    Turn Against

d)   Beat

10.  What is mount batur?

a)    A lake build by Kbo Iwa

b)   A well dug by Kbo iwa

c)    The mountain build by Kbo Iwa

d)   A mound of earth dug from the well by Kbo iwa

Kunci Jawaban

1.      C

2.      D

3.      C

4.      C

5.      B

6.      B

7.      C

8.      D

9.      A

10.    D

 Narrative text