Report Text

REPORT TEXT

A.            Pengertian Report Text

“A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or announce something. The information given in a report text is very general information.” Report text adalah jenis teks yang mengumumkan hasil penyelidikan atau mengumumkan sesuatu . Informasi yang diberikan dalam teks laporan adalah informasi yang sangat umum.

Jika Anda membandingkannya dengan seksama, perbedaan descriptive text  dan Report text yakni, Descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu secara general atau umum sedangkan descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu yang spesifik atau khusus. Report text juga biasanya bersifat ilmiah.

B.            Tujuan Report Text

Tujuannya untuk menggambarkan tentang sesuatu secara apa adanya yang merupakan hasil observasi atau penelitian dan analisa secara sistematis. Intinya text Report berisi fakta-fakta sebuah objek yang bisa dibuktikan secara ilmiah.

C.            Ciri-ciri Report Text

1.             Karena bertujuan mengungkap gambaran tentang sesuatu berdasarkan kajian ilmiah, maka biasanya menggunakan bahasa ilmiah.

2.             Dan karena berisi fakta-fakta ilmiah tersebutlah, maka report text didominasi oleh simple present tense.

3.             Judulnya akan terlihat umum, seperti Playing Football dan bukan Manchester Football Club.

4.             Biasanya disertai gambar, data statistik berupa diagram atau peta untuk meyakinkan bahwa hasil penelitiannya dilakukan secara ilmiah.

D.            Generic Structure Report Text

Susunan umum atau Generic Structure pada umumnya terdiri dari urut-urutan sebagai berikut:

1.    General Clasification

Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasinya. 

2.    Description
Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors. Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi, baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.

E.            Pola Tata Bahasa dalam Report Text

Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki ciri bahasa tersendiri; jika recount text dan narrative text cenderung memiliki ciri menggunakan simple past, lalu bagaimana dengan report text? Oke berikut adalah pola grammar yang umum digunakan dalam teks report, yang meliputi :

1.             Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;

2.             Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;

3.             Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;

4.             Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;

5.             Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

6.             Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

Keterangan :

1.             General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. 

2.             Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste dan lain sebagainya. 

3.             Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam simple present seperti "often, usually, always" dan lain-lain. 

4.             Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks report tersebut. Misalnya tentang "music" maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada.

F.             Contoh Report Text

Example 1:

Komodo Dragon

Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia’s Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of years, although amazingly, their existence was unknown to humans until about 100 years ago.

Reaching 10 feet (3 meters) in length and more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Komodo dragons are the heaviest lizards on Earth. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin, bowed legs, and huge, muscular tails.

As the dominant predators on the handful of islands they inhabit, they will eat almost anything, including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo and humans. When hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey. When a victim ambles by, the dragon springs, using its powerful legs, sharp claws and serrated, shark-like teeth to eviscerate its prey.

Animals that escape the jaws of a Komodo will only feel lucky briefly. Dragon saliva teems with over 50 strains of bacteria, and within 24 hours, the stricken creature usually dies of blood poisoning. Dragons calmly follow an escapee for miles as the bacteria takes effect, using their keen sense of smell to hone in on the corpse. A dragon can eat a whopping 80 percent of its body weight in a single feeding.

There is a stable population of about 3,000 to 5,000 Komodo dragons on the islands of Komodo, Gila Motang, Rinca, and Flores. However, a dearth of egg-laying females, poaching, human encroachment, and natural disasters has driven the species to endangered status.

Sumber: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/

Penjelasan:

1.             Paragraf pertama: General Classification.

Berisi pengenalan objek bahwa Komodo adalah binatang yang telah ada sejak berjuta-juta tahun yang lalu.

2.             Pada paragraf kedua dan seterusnya: Description.

Berisi tentang bentuk fisik Komodo meliputi panjang, berat, maupun ciri fisiknya dan kebiasaannya mencari makan serta statistik populasi habitat Komodo di berbagai daerah.

Example 2:

Mobile Phone

(General Clasification)

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.

(Description)

The mobile phone can be used to communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with a nearby base station (also called a "cell site") which connects it to the main phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a "hand off," and the call continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was transferred to another cell.

As mobile phones became more popular, they began to cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths except for urban areas with many people.

Exercise:

Text 1:

For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees. Now, however, there is a proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.

Although a dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore, like a human being.

Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But, this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.

Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.

1. The text above is in the form of………….
a. spoof
b. report
c. recount
d. procedure

2. To tell the factual information, the writer mostly uses…………
a. passive voice
b. simple past tense
c. present perfect tense
d. simple present tense

3. What kind of animal is dolphin?
a. insect
b. fish
c. mammal
d. bird

4. Why talking to dolphin is not easy?
a. dolphins cannot hear the kind of man’s sounds
b. dolphins cannot think as human
c. dolphins like playing with man
d. dolphins feel annoyed by man

5. What is the characteristic of dolphin according to the text?
a. fierce
b. friendly
c. naughty
d. shy

Text 2:

Whales are sea-living mammals. They therefore breathe air but cannot survive or land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meter length, is the largest animal which lives on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important difference in its external structure; its tail consists of a pair of broad, flat horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its breadth, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of flat (blubber). This is up to 30 meter in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids.

6. What is the text about?
a. sea-living mammals
b. the description of mammals
c. the difference between whales and fish
d. whales

7. The length of a whale is……..
a. is generally more than 30 meter
b. may be more than 30 meter
c. is less than 30 meter
d. ranges from 30 meter to more than 30 meter

8. Sentence 1………….
a. tells an orientation
b. poses a thesis
c. shows an abstract
d. gives a general classification

9. What type of text is used by the writer?
a. narrative
b. report
c. recount
d. news items

10. To tell the factual information, the writer uses…….
a. passive voice
b. direct speech
c. reported speech
d. simple present tense

Kunci Jawaban

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. D

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